Profil histopathologique des pseudotumeurs et tumeurs bénignes des mâchoires à Douala, Cameroun

INTRODUCTION. Les pseudotumeurs et tumeurs benignes des machoires regroupent une diversite histologique de lesions. Leur distribution geographique est heterogene. L'objectif de cette etude etait de ressortir la distribution des types histologiques ainsi que leurs frequences relatives dans deux formations hospitalieres a Douala (Cameroun). MeTHODOLOGIE. Cette etude descriptive retrospective et prospective a ete conduite dans les services d'anatomie pathologique des Hopitaux Laquintinie et General de Douala; sur une periode de 12;3 ans allant de janvier 2003 a avril 2015. Etait inclus tout patient chez qui le diagnostic de pseudotumeur ou tumeur benigne des machoires etait pose a l'examen d'anatomie pathologique et nous avons retenu 52 cas. ReSULTATS. Sur ce total de 52 cas dont 30 femmes et 22 hommes; l'age moyen des patients etait de 31;1 ans; avec un pic de frequence entre 20 et 40 ans. Les pseudotumeurs et tumeurs odontogenes ont represente 63;46 %; et etaient dominees par l'ameloblastome (78;79%) ; ses variantes folliculaire (50%) et plexiforme (26;92%) etaient les plus frequentes. Les pseudotumeurs et tumeurs non odontogenes (36;54%) etaient dominees par les lesions fibro-osseuses avec 52;63%. CONCLUSION. Les pseudotumeurs et tumeurs benignes des machoires sont des pathologies rencontrees dans notre milieu. L'ameloblastome domine par ses variantes folliculaire et plexiforme ainsi que la dysplasie fibreuse sont les types histologiques predominants

Maxillofacial sarcomas in Nigeria

Background: Maxillofacial sarcomas are rare constituting between 4-8% of all malignancies in the region. A few case reports of individual tumours are available while reviews of significant series is lacking. This report presents 80 cases of sarcoma collected over 23 years at a tertiary oral care centre in Kaduna, Nigeria. Method: Retrospective study of all maxillofacial sarcomas in northern Nigeria. Results: There were 406 maxillofacial malignancies of which 80 (20%) were sarcomas. Fourteen histopathologic types were found of which osteosarcoma (28%), chondrosarcoma (17%), rhabdomyosarcoma (12%) and fibrosarcoma (12%) were predominant. The male to female ratio was roughly equal (1.3:1). Patients with sarcoma were between 24 days and 90 years old (mean age 31±15 years) with most patients (26%) in the third decade of life. Cases presented with symptoms such as swelling (100%), pain (54%) and tissue ulceration (26%). Surgery was performed for 46% of cases treated while radiotherapy was used for 26%. Some cases refused hospital treatment because of poverty and ignorance while poor medical infrastructure limited treatment options in several cases regarded as advanced lesions. Conclusion: In Northern Nigeria, sarcomas account for 20% of all maxillofacial malignancies with the osteosarcoma as the predominant type. Most affected were people in the third decade of life. Surgery was the main modality used for treatment while some patients had no treatment due to self-discharge and late presentation. The need for improved medical awareness and upgrading of infrastructure was stressed

Report of six cases of metastatic jaw tumours in Nigerians

Background: Metastatic tumours make up approximately one per cent of all oral malignancies. Such tumours may present in the jawbones and oral soft tissues. The commonest oral site is the mandible. Nigerian reports of metastatic tumours to the jaws are very rare. Method: This is a retrospective study of six cases of metastatic tumours to the jaws seen at the Maxillofacial Unit, Ahmadu Bello University Hospital, Kaduna from 1979-1998,representing 1% of all histologically confirmed malignant jaw tumours in the hospital. Results: Unlike in other reports, most (three of our six cases) originated from the thyroid gland while the rest were from the breast, uterus and the nasopharynx. More of our lesions occurred in the mandible (4) than the maxilla (2) and almost all patients presented with oral complaints oblivious of the primary malignancy. These complaints resemble those from odontogenic infections and benign neoplasms. The most common histological type of metastatic tumours in this study was the adenocarcinoma (50%). Conclusion: In view of the similarity in presentation of metastatic lesions to the jaws and other odontogenic tumours and even infections, a high index of clinical suspicion is advocated to ensure early, multidisciplinary care of patients